Pakistan Affairs Test 37

       Gwader Port 

•  Under Oman rule: 1783–1958 (174 Years)
•  Gwadar became part of Pakistan: 8 September 1958
• Handed over: 8 December 1958.
• Province: Balochistan
• Purchased from: Oman
• Purchase Price: 3 million pounds
• Port inaugurated:  President Pervez Musharraf (11 August 1943 – 5 February 2023) 10th President of Pakistan (2001-2008)  on March 20, 2007.
• Strategic Location: Near Strait of Hormuz, Arabian Sea
• Operator: China Overseas Port Holding Company (COPHC) ,Lease Period: 40 years , extendable.The Gwadar Port lease period started on November 13, 2015.

     ✅ Thal Desert
     ✅ Province: Punjab, Pakistan
     ✅ Exact Location: Lies between the Jhelum River (east) and Indus River (west)
     ✅ Districts Covered: Bhakkar, Khushab, Mianwali, Layyah, Jhang, Muzaffargarh
     ✅ Length: ~305 km (north–south)(190 miles)
     ✅ Width: ~32–112 km (70 miles)
     ✅ Climate: Hot desert, very low annual rainfall .

1. Quaid-e-Azam was born in 25 December ,1876 in Karachi .
2. In 1900 Quaid-e-Azam became a Presidency magistrate.
3. Quaid-e-Azam joined the All India National Congress in 1906 .
4. Quaid-e-Azam resigned from Congress in 1920.
5. Quaid-e-Azam resigned from the membership of Imperial Legislative Council in 1919.
6.  Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar helped Quaid-e-Azam in the preparation of his 14 points in 1929:
7. Quaid-e-Azam formally became the president of All India Muslim League in 1934.
8. State Bank of Pakistan was inaugurated by Quaid-e-Azam in 1st Jul 1948.
9. After the death of Quaid-e-Azam the next President of the first constitution Assembly of Pakistan was Maulvi Tameez ud Din (December 14, 1948-October 24, 1954)
10.  Khwaja Nazimuddin  2nd Governor-General of Pakistan (1948–1951) ,   2nd  Prime Minister of Pakistan (1951–1953), became  after the death of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (September 11, 1948 Death date).

 ✅ Panipat is in the state of: Haryana (India)

 Details:

• Location: Northern India
• State: Haryana
• Distance from Delhi: Around 90 km north of New Delhi
• Known As:
  🔹 "City of Weavers", “Textile City of India”
  🔹 Site of Three Historic Battles of Panipat

Battles of Panipat – 

 ✅  1st Battle of Panipat  (1526)

  🔹  Date: 21 April 1526  

  🔹  Fought Between Babur (Mughals) vs Ibrahim Lodhi (Delhi Sultanate)  Winner Babur (Mughals)   

  🔹 Significance Beginning of Mughal Empire in India.
   ✅ 2nd Battle of Panipat (1556) 

   🔹 Date: 5 November 1556  

  🔹 Fought Between Akbar (Mughals) vs Hemu (Hindu King/Vikramaditya)   WinnerAkbar (Mughals)  

  🔹 Significance Consolidated Akbar’s rule after Humayun’s death.

  ✅  3rd Battle of Panipat (1761)   

  🔹  Date:14 January 1761  

   🔹 Fought Between Ahmad Shah Abdali (Afghans) vs Marathas (Sadashivrao Bhau)   Winner Ahmad Shah Abdali (Afghans)  

   🔹 SignificanceMajor defeat for Marathas, stopped their northward expansion.

📝 Exam Tip:

•  🔹 All 3 battles took place in Panipat, near Delhi, due to its strategic location.
•  🔹 Always remember the sequence:
   Babur – Akbar – Abdali
  (1st – 2nd – 3rd).